August 13, 2011 – Syria News Blog: A Roundup of International Reportage
Syria’s Protest Movement
Twenty-two consecutive Friday’s into the Syrian revolt, Damascus finds itself increasingly encircled by international condemnation. Saudia Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar all withdrew their ambassadors from Damascus early last week, following a speech by Saudi King Abdullah urging an end to the violence and the implementation of real reform, and weekend statements from both the Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council denouncing the country-wide violence. Turkish Foreign Minister Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu met with President Bashar al-Assad on Tuesday to demand the cessation of violence within two weeks, while the US imposed further economic sanctions against the country’s financial system. At the same time, another estimated 150 civilians were killed in crackdowns across the country between August 7 and 12.
Ramadan Unrest: August 3 – 12
On Wednesday August 3, international media reported that 30 people were killed in the ongoing siege of Hama as tanks reportedly pushed deep into the center of the city. Some 200 tanks were reportedly deployed to Deir ez-Zor, which also remains under siege. In the evening, another six people were reportedly shot in killed following tarawih (evening prayers) – including two in the Damascus neighborhood of Midan and one in the ancient city of Palmyra.
Activists and city residents allege that the siege of Hama has led to massacres of the city’s population, with many sources claiming that those attempting to flee the city were shot at, as were any individuals found out on the streets. It is impossible to confirm the events there, however, all foreign reportage suggests a grave situation.
On Friday August 5, regardless of massive military incursions in numerous cities around the country, thousands of protestors again rallied, terming the day “God is With Us”. Some 24 people were reportedly killed in violent crackdowns against demonstrators – 13 of whom were killed in Damascus and the capital’s suburbs. Though some anticipated the numbers of protestors on the streets to dwindle after a week of severe military campaigns, thousands nevertheless came out in a show of support for those in the country’s most besieged cities.
In the Damascus neighborhood of Midan, protesters reportedly threw rocks at members of security forces who used tear gas to attempt to disperse the crowds. According to international reportage, security forces were eventual scared off. Small protests were held in a number of central Damascus neighborhoods and some, sympathetic to the protest movement, have taken to wearing white shirts. Some media reported that large groups of people protesting in the city center wearing white shirts were arrested.
Rallies were reportedly held in Aleppo and Qamishli, Daraa, Idlib, Irbin, Lattakia, and Homs, as well as Deir ez-Zor. Some media report that residents of Hama even attempted to take to the streets again, though the prevalence of security forces and ongoing shelling of the city, prevented large crowds from amassing.
Protestors in Jableh, a town not from the coastal city of Lattakia, who were fearful of being identified by mukhabarat reportedly took to the streets with their faces painted as Syrian flags.
In the Damascus suburb of Douma, military forces reportedly used cluster ammunition against protestors.
On Friday night, SANA sent out mass text messages across the country, urging citizens to watch local broadcasts of videos that reportedly captured terrorist activities, including the dismemberment of a man, in Deir ez-Zor.
The following day, activists reported to international media that further tanks had been deployed to Deir ez-Zor and Homs. Security forces also reportedly arrested prominent opposition member, Walid al-Bunni, as well as two of his sons.
On Sunday August 7, in defiance of growing international condemnation of the government’s use of violence against civilian populations and just one week after waging a brutal attack against the city of Hama, the government reportedly initiated a military incursion in the eastern city of Deir ez-Zor in the early hours of the morning. Hundreds of tanks had reportedly taken up post in and around the city. According to Abdul-Karim al-Rihawi, the head of the Syrian League for Human Rights, heavy gunfire and shelling was reported throughout the day, resulting in the deaths of some 42 city residents and the injuring of hundreds of others.
The Syrian government adamantly denies all reports of tanks and associated shelling in Deir ez-Zor.
Though protesters in Deir ez-Zor had reached numbers in the hundreds of thousand in recent weeks, the government had yet to engage in a full-scale crackdown against the demonstrators. Many speculate that this is because the area is known for its deep-rooted tribal connections, which would make the use of extreme violence against residents of Deir ez-Zor particularly risky. It is well known that the tribes in Deir ez-Zor are armed and ready to defend themselves. The tensions in Deir ez-Zor reached a new peak in July, when security forces arrested a key figure in the town – Sheik Nawaf al-Bashir.
Military forces also moved into the town of Houleh in the province of Homs on Sunday, leading to the deaths of 10 more civilians.
Local media reported that Syrian security forces had succeeded in taking down a number of road blocks in Hama on Sunday. According to state sources, security forces also found the bodies of 13 policemen in and along the Oronotes River. The bodies were reportedly mutilated. The road blocks and killings were all attributed to armed groups and terrorists who, according to official media, also prevented the injured from seeking treatment in hospitals.
On Wednesday August 10, the Syrian army expanded its operations to two new towns, Taftanaz and Sermin, near to the country’s border with Turkey. According to international media, 12 tanks were deployed to the towns. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that a woman was killed during the offensive while another 13 were injured.
At the same time, 16 people were reportedly killed by security forces in Homs and military forces officially seized control of Deir ez-Zor after several days of a reportedly full-fledged military incursion. Mass arrests were also carried out in Albu Kamal on Wednesday.
Friday August 12
Yesterday, Friday August 12, international media reported that while thousands again took to the streets across the country for the 22nd consecutive Friday, the government’s violent country-wide suppression of the unrest succeeded, at least temporarily, in reducing the numbers of those who dared to demonstrate.
At the same time, large numbers of protestors reportedly took to the streets of Aleppo – with violence and gunfire by security forces subsequently reported. Protests were also reported in Homs, the outskirts of Hama, and Deir ez-Zor – regardless of ongoing military campaigns in these areas.
The Damascus suburb of Harasta – the scene of near daily protests and violence – also allegedly staged mass demonstrations, as did Idlib and the coastal city of Lattakia. According to foreign reportage, the suburbs of Damascus drew the largest numbers of protestors. The appearance of mass unrest in both Damascus and Aleppo suggests that the relative quietude of both cities (see below for more information) is perhaps coming to end.
Protest were also reported in Qamishli and Jibleh. According to Syrian activists, the government is using a new tactic to manage the unrest, allegedly moving in on crowds before they exit from mosques.
Fatalities were reported in Homs, Hama, Aleppo, Damascus and Idlib, with the death toll from the day between 15 and 17 people – seven of whom were killed in the country’s capital.
Activists allege that over 150 people have been killed in Syria amid security crackdowns since last Sunday, August 7.
Damascus & Aleppo
Though the revolution has spread to nearly all corners of the country, Damascus and Aleppo, Syria’s two largest cities, both remain relatively calm by comparison – though the events in both cities yesterday suggest that might be changing. While mass protests are now regularly seen in the capital’s suburbs, only small groups have rallied in central Damascus. Aleppo has also remained predominantly quiet, with sporadic exceptions. There is much speculation as to the cause of this silence and as the revolution progresses and the unrest deepens, many outside the country’s two key cities are angered by the cities’ inaction, seeing Damascus and Aleppo as escaping comparatively unscathed by the violence and indeed disinterested in the plight of the rest of the country.
Most argue that in the case of Damascus, the city’s upscale residents have reaped significant economic gains from the country’s government and are not keen to see the current system collapse for fear of considerable economic losses. Aleppo too has prospered in recent years by comparison to the rest to the country, with a growing textile industry, increased cross-border trade with Turkey, more pharmaceutical companies and factories. Both Aleppo and Damascus are also home to the largest numbers of Syria’s Christians – leading many to believe that the protection they have had under President Assad and his father before him, has inspired their silence as well.
There are likely other more subtle issues at play too, for many speculate that the governament recognizes that it cannot lose either city to the otherwise rampant protest movement. Illegal construction is booming, street vendors have free reign, traffic laws are not enforced, bribery in government offices has declined, electricity theft is overlooked and sugar prices in Aleppo are reportedly lower than anywhere else in the country. All these shifts and concessions are coupled with the pervasive and worsening presence of security forces across both cities, thus rendering mass protests remarkably dangerous. While the depth of the loyalties of both cities’ residents is debatable, it is clear that the current revolution will not succeed in the absence of sustained mass protests in both.
Government decrees, efforts to mitigate tensions
On Thursday August 4, President Bashar al-Assad issued Legislative Decree No. 101 thus enacting the 2011 General Elections Law. The law specifies that a higher judicial committee and a number of judicial sub-committees will supervise the elections process. According to state sources, elections are to be held “with public, secret, direct and equal voting where each Syrian voter, who completed eighteen years old, has one vote.” The same sources state that policemen and army members are in service are not allowed to participate in elections. For more details, see here.
Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem announced on Saturday August 6 that “the Syrian leadership is committed to push ahead with reforms and to put them in place” and that “general elections will be held by the end of this year“. The elections, it should be noted, are parliamentary.
Moallem also stated that, ”The Syrian leadership still stresses that national dialogue is the way to solve the current crisis, and in the absence of such dialogue due to the opposition’s negative stances, we have no other choice but to go down the path of reforms without leaving it hostage to any hindering factor.”
On August 8, President Assad announced that he was replacing Gen. Ali Habib Mahmoud with Gen. Dawood Rajiha as Minister of Defense. According to SANA, Gen Habib had “been ill for some time, and his health condition deteriorated recently”.
Interestingly the same day, the Ministry of Defense website was hacked by the hacker group Anonymous, leaving messages in Arabic and English expressing admiration for Syrian protestors and urging the Syrian military to protect Syrians against the current government.
Alleged crimes against humanity
International media report that “at least one Western government” is moving forward with efforts to gather evidence in support of bringing President Assad to the International Criminal Court for the Syrian government’s crackdown against Syrian civilians. According to unnamed diplomats, fact-finding missions have been working for a number of months to gather related testimony from Syrian refugees in Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. At the same time, international legal experts in Turkey have also been training Syrian activists on how to document crimes against humanity.
International Politics & Diplomacy
United States
While the Obama Administration is under pressure from certain elements of its domestic constituency to call for President Assad to step down – and there is indeed much speculation that President Obama is on the brink of doing so – many Middle East and foreign policy experts are advising against such a move, noting that the Syrian opposition is not yet organized enough to provide a viable alternative to the current government.
Instead, some among them are advocating for treating President Assad as an international pariah – further isolating the Syrian government politically and economically whilst forming an ‘contact group’ supported by regional players to help fortify the Syrian opposition, enabling it to develop a “future transitional authority” – a risky venture.
Others are pushing for further creative diplomacy, identifying tactics such as sending the US Ambassador to additional flash points to obtain information on the situation whilst showing support for the Syrian opposition. The extent to which this is possible, however, remains unclear; US Ambassador Ford now operates under travel restrictions imposed by the Syrian government following his trip to Hama in early July.
On Wednesday August 3, international media reported that tens of diplomatic personnel working in the US embassy in Damascus had been sent home or reposted in other countries due to worsening security concerns. Ambassador Ford and a number of essential staff reportedly remain in Damascus.
Hillary Clinton issued a public statement on Thursday August 4, stating that “We think, to date, the [Syrian] government is responsible for the deaths of more than 2,000 people of all ages. Assad has lost his legitimacy to govern the Syrian people.” She went on to state that, the US would “continue to support the Syrians themselves in their efforts to begin a peaceful and orderly transition to democracy”.
US President Barack Obama reportedly had separate phone calls with France’s Nicolas Sarkozy and Germany’s Angela Merkel on August 5 to discuss options for increasing international pressure on Damascus. According to a White House statement issued the same day, the leaders “condemned the Assad regime’s continued use of indiscriminate violence against the Syrian people.” The three also “welcomed the August 3 presidential statement by the UN Security Council condemning Syria’s actions, but also agreed to consider additional steps to pressure the Assad regime and support the Syrian people.”
The US State Department issued its most severe travel warning yet for US citizens in Syria on August 4, stating: “The US Department of State urges US citizens in Syria to depart immediately while commercial transportation is available. Given the ongoing uncertainty and volatility of the current situation, US citizens who must remain in Syria are advised to limit nonessential travel within the country.”
On Thursday, the US Treasury Department broadened its sanctions against Syria, this time targeting the country’s financial infrastructure through the Commercial Bank of Syria, its Lebanon-based subsidiary and the Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank. New sanctions were also imposed against the mobile phone network Syriatel. The move freezes all US-based assets the firms posses and prohibits Americans from conducting business with them. For further details, see here.
Though the US is stepping up efforts to expand sanctions and its pronouncements against Damascus continue to intensify, the reality is that no such moves – or any others by members of the international community – appear to hold sway with the Syrian government. This has now lead some, including Robert Fisk, to call for the use of force against Syrian targets.
Canada
On August 4, Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird met with US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Washington to discuss the situation in Syria as well as the NATO campaign in Libya and the Middle East peace process. In a telephone interview with The Canadian Press the following day, Baird said of the Syria case, “Obviously, we had significant international support for the actions with respect to Libya, something that we don’t have with respect to Syria. We’ve got to work with our allies to do more.”
Germany
German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle issued a number of deeply critical statements on August 5, stating that “In order to increase the political pressure on Damascus and to give a signal to Syrian society, I would welcome the withdrawal of European politicians. I do not believe that there can be a political future for Assad that would be supported by the Syrian people.” Westerwelle also stated that “I do not believe that there can be a political future for Assad that would be supported by the Syrian people.”
Gulf Cooperation Council
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) came forward with a statement on Saturday August 5, saying that “As the council members express sorrow for the continuous bloodshed, they stress that they are keen on preserving the security, stability, and unity of Syria.” The statement called for an “immediate end to violence…and bloodshed” and urged the Syrian government to “resort to wisdom and introducing serious and necessary reforms that would protect the rights and dignity of the Syrian people, and meet their aspirations.” The six members of the GCC are Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.
SANA reported that on Sunday August 7, a Syrian official said that the government “has received with regret the statement of the Gulf Cooperation Council, which completely ignored the information and facts presented by Syria on the killing and sabotage acts committed by armed terrorist groups seeking to undermine the homeland’s sovereignty and security.”
According to the official, bringing an end to the violence “requires that the Arabs in the GCC call for stopping sabotage acts and condemning armed violence of groups which don’t have good intentions for Syria, in addition to giving the space and time needed to translate reforms into reality.” The Syrian government had hoped the GCC “would reconsider their stances taking into account the Syrian leadership’s efforts to overcome the current crisis, achieve stability and security and meet the needs of the Syrian people,” the official said.
Arab League
On Sunday August 7, the Arab League’s Secretary General Nabil al-Arabi urged Syrian authorities to bring an end to the violence in the country and expressed “growing concern and strong distress over the deteriorating security conditions in Syria due to escalating violence and military operations in Hama and Deir al-Zor and other areas of Syria.” Arabi also stated that, “There is still an opportunity for President Bashar Al-Assad to respond to the will of the Syrian people and their legitimate demands of freedom, change and political reform.”
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain
Kuwait’s foreign ministry made an official statement on August 5, expressing “its extreme pain for the continued bloodshed among the brotherly Syrian people.” The statement continued,“Kuwait calls for dialogue and a political solution to allow implementing true reforms that meet the legitimate demands of the Syrian people away from the security actions.”
On Sunday August 7, Saudi King Abdullah issued a public statement on the crisis in Syria, stating that “The kingdom of Saudi Arabia… demands an end to the killing machine and bloodshed and calls for acts of wisdom before it is too late.” King Abdullah continued, “Syria should think wisely before it is too late and issue and enact reforms that are not merely promises but actual reforms.” He went on to present the two options he sees for Syria: “Either it chooses wisdom willingly, or drifts into the depths of chaos and loss.” The speech was coupled with an announcement that Saudi Arabia would withdraw its ambassador from Damascus.
The King’s statement is the strongest and clearest to come from leadership in the Arab world and for that reason, many argue that it should be welcomed. On the other hand, however, most regional experts and commentators were quick to point out the hypocrisy of it all, noting that democracy, the freedom to protest and the implementation of real systemic reforms, are entirely absent from Saudi Arabia.
To that end, Brian Whitaker of The Guardian, termed King Abdullah’s move part of a broader “monarchical insurance scheme” whereby Saudi Arabia is seeking to tighten alliances with other kingdoms in the region (including those of Jordan and Morocco, which were just recently invited to join the Gulf Cooperation Council) whilst working to undermine the revolution in Yemen and in the case of Syria – fortifying the country’s Sunni opposition so as to counter the regional weight of Iran.
Less than a day after King Abdullah issued his statement, the governments of Kuwait and Bahrain both recalled their ambassadors from Damascus. Sheikh Khaled al-Khalifa explained via Twitter, that Bahrain “decided to summon our ambassador to Syria for consultation and we stress the importance of acting wisely“.
Turkey
During an iftar (the evening meal during which Muslims break fast during Ramadan) speech in Istanbul on August 5, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu will travel to Damascus on Tuesday August 9 to deliver a number of messages to the Syrian government.
Of the situation in Syria, Erdoğan said “We have been very patient until now, waiting to see whether we can fix this; whether they will listen to what we have been saying. But our patience is running out now.” The Turkish government is “not allowed to remain a bystander to what happens in Syria. We are hearing voices coming from Syria and we definitely must respond by doing whatever we are required to do,” he continued, without offering further details.
In response to learning of Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu’s planned visit to Damascus on Tuesday to deliver a number of critical messages to the Syrian government, Syrian Presidential Political and Media Advisor Bouthina Shaaban said “If…Davutoglu is to deliver a firm message to Syria, he will hear a firmer reply regarding the Turkish stance which didn’t condemn the brutal killing and crimes committed by the armed terrorist groups against the civilians, military and police members till now.”
“If the Turkish government does not consider the issue of Syria as foreign matter due to the historic and cultural relations, Syria has always welcomed consultation among friends, but it categorically rejected all regional or international attempts of interference in its internal affairs,” Shaaban continued.
On Tuesday, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu met with President Assad for six hours in Damascus, reportedly to give President Assad an ultimatum – end the violence against civilians and implement real reforms within two weeks, or expect a serious intensification of pressure and interference from Turkey.
According to SANA, President Assad responded to Davutoglu’s demands, by stating that Damascus “will not relent in pursuing the terrorist groups in order to protect the stability of the country and the security of the citizens. But it is also determined to continue reforms. And is open to any help offered by friendly and brotherly states.”
The following day, the Turkish Ambassador to Syria, Omer Onhon, visited Hama and confirmed reports by the Syrian government that the country’s military forces had withdrawn from the city. Of the visit, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said during a speech at Turkey’s Justice and Development headquarters in Ankara, “Our ambassador went to Hama and said that the tanks, security forces had started to leave Hama. This is highly important to show that our initiatives had positive results.” He continued, “We hope that within 10 -15 days this will be realized and steps will be taken toward the reform process in Syria.”
Turkey’s growing hostility toward Damascus, however, has been met with concern among the ruling Justice and Development Party’s opposition, members of which note that Turkey’s recent rhetoric hints at Ankara’s possible willingness to wage war against Syria.
Lebanon
Lebanon’s Foreign Minister Adnan Mansour met with President Assad in Damascus on Sunday August 7 and reiterated that Lebanon continues to reject “attempts of foreign interference in Syria’s internal affairs“. Lebanon’s stability “stems from the stability of Syria’s internal affairs,” he continued. During the meeting, SANA also reported that President Assad informed Mansour that “Syria is on the path to reform …To deal with outlaws who cut off roads, seal towns and terrorize residents is a duty of the state which must defend security and protect the lives of civilians”.
Earlier on Sunday, Mansour defended Lebanon’s highly controversial disassociation with the UNSC August 3 presidential statement on Syria, stating that “Lebanon’s position at the Security Council toward events in Syria stems from its convictions of the historic and sisterly relations with Syria and shared interests between the two countries.” He continued, “The decision was a positive one because we cannot go along with a decision that condemns Syria or one that opposes it. Since independence, we, until today, have taken a positive policy toward [sisterly states], particularly Syria.”
There is concern that the rift over responding to the Syria issue between the current Lebanese government and its opposition, the Future Movement or the March 14 coalition, is deepening. The latter has been outspoken in its condemnation of the Syrian government’s violent repression of the protest movement, urging the Syrian government to bring an end to its “crimes against humanity”.
Hezbollah has taken considerable heat for its continued support of the Syrian government in the face of violent crackdowns against Syrian civilians. As the unrest in Syria intensifies, Syrian perceptions of Hezbollah’s legitimacy are waning, with many enraged by its blatant hypocrisy.
Iraq
The Syrian border town of Albu Kamal shares strong tribal ties with the Iraqi town of Qaim and as unrest and subsequent military action have taken hold of Albu Kamal, international media report that residents of Qaim are channeling supplies to their relatives in Albu Kamal. When the Syrian military forces along the border were deployed to Albu Kamal, their Iraqi counterparts were left managing increased numbers of smugglers.
At the same time, there is concern that protest-related violence on the Syrian side could provoke Sunni tribes on the Iraqi side, who are known to oppose the current Syrian government. During the recent war in Iraq, insurgents regularly slipped across the border into Iraq.
On July 20, Syria closed the official Qaim crossing, prompting smugglers to shift their activities farther north where security forces are less abundant. The border’s permeability has sparked enough worry on the Iraqi side to prompt the Iraqi government to deploy military forces to the border to provide backup for the 7,500 Iraqi security forces that monitor some 1,114 kilometers of the country’s border with Syria.
United Nations
Though the United Nations Security Council issued a presidential statement last week in response to the violent suppression of the Syrian protest movement after months of infighting over the form and substance of the text, the fallout from the Council’s weak response to the situation continues. International human rights and aid organizations, as well as a number of foreign governments and policy experts, have lambasted the move as entirely ineffectual.
Meanwhile, United Nation Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called Syrian President Bashar al-Assad on Friday August 5, to urge him to “stop the use of military force against civilians immediately.”
The UN Human Rights Council based in Geneva issued a statement on Friday saying that “The Government of Syria cannot be allowed to violate with impunity its obligation to uphold international law nor attack the very citizens it has sworn to protect without consequences. We unequivocally call on the Government of Syria to immediately cease the violent crackdown, stop the killings and pursue dialogue through peaceful processes.”
UN Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Maina Kiai, also issued a statement asserting that, “It is of utmost importance that the [Syrian] government finally addresses the legitimate concerns of peaceful protestors, instead of silencing their voices with brute force.”
Christof Heyns, UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, also said of the actions of the Syrian government, “No State is allowed to use its military force against an unarmed civilian population regardless of the situation prevailing on the ground. The killings that result are clearly arbitrary executions and punishable under international law.”
On Wednesday August 10, the UN Security Council also received a private briefing on the situation in Syria by Oscar Fernandez-Taranco, a high-level UN political officer. In a statement after the meeting, British deputy UN Ambassador Philip Parham described the briefing as “chilling” and “depressing,” stating that “It is clear that the military offensive by the regime against its own people continues; an offensive which is brutal, an offensive which is unwarranted and an offensive which is in breech of the regime’s international legal obligations. And just to remind you of the scale of what we are talking about, some 2,000 civilians have now been killed, the vast majority of them unarmed. Some 3,000 civilians have been forcibly disappeared. Some 13,000 remain detained.”
South Africa, Brazil and India
President Assad met with a delegation of envoys from South Africa, Brazil and India on August 10 to discuss the current situation in the country. During the meeting, President Assad reportedly conceded that “Syrian security forces have made some mistakes in the initial stage of the unrest, but efforts are underway to prevent their recurrence.” According to a statement issued by India’s UN mission following the meeting, President Assad “reassured the delegation of his commitment to the reform process aimed at ushering in multi-party democracy”.
Further Reading
“Fear of Arrest” – Jadaliyya – A translation by Hani Sayed of a text published on the internet by a member of a Local Coordination Committee in Damascus seeking to reduce activists’ fears of arrest by providing a detailed account of the detainee’s likely experience. By virtue of the unknown author’s remarkably forthright tone and proclivity for detail, the conviction of his and other activist’s sentiments becomes startlingly apparent.
“Resistance Regime?” – Qunfuz – A scathing assessment of the Syrian government’s use of its foreign policy of ‘resistance’ to Israel, to maintain dominion over its public. The author evaluates the government’s resistance record and the cost of supporting it on the basis of its foreign policy.
“Eyewitness Account from Hama” – Facebook – Throughout the unrest, social media has been key to connecting activists and witnesses inside Syria, to eachother as well as to the outside world. This Facebook posting is one such example, whereby an eye witness details the situation in Hama. It goes without saying, the posting in its entirety cannot be confirmed.
“Syria And The Armed Gangs Controversy – Analysis” – Syria Comment – Well-known Syria analyst Joshua Landis takes up the debate over whether armed gangs are behind some of the violence in Syria. The article highlights biases on all sides and the complexity of understanding and responding to the crisis – for both domestic and international actors.
“A Visit to Hama, the Rebel Syrian City that Refused to Die” – Time – A report from a journalist for Time magazine, who snuck into the city of Hama on August 9 to assess the situation and interview city residents – a rare confirmed account of what has happened in the city.
“Where’s Syria’s Business Community?” – Middle East Institute – One of the best assessments thus far of Syrian business community and the motivations behind its relative quiet. Author Randa Slim also issues a number of policy recommendations at the end, each of which are notable for their plausibility.
“The Truth About Assad’s Version of the “Truth” in Syria” – The Huffington Post – A blog post by James Miller employing video footage to highlight concerns over the gap between official statements regarding the nature of the unrest and those coming from ordinary citizens. A very interesting post as Miller dissects video footage posted by the government and opposition, identifying doctored uploads.
Security
On Friday August 5, Turkish authorities confirmed earlier reports that they had intercepted an arms shipment from Iran to Syria. The weapons were seized from a cargo plane headed to Syria. Authorities believe the weapons were ultimately headed to Hezbollah in Lebanon.